Effects of stable stratification on turbulent/non-turbulent interfaces in turbulent mixing layers

T. Watanabe, J. J. Riley, K. Nagata
Effects of stable stratification on turbulent/non-turbulent interfaces in turbulent mixing layers
Physical Review Fluids 1(4) 044301 2016

This article may be found at https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.1.044301.

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Abstract

Direct numerical simulations are used for investigating the effects of stable stratification on the turbulent/nonturbulent (T/NT) interface in stably stratified mixing layers whose buoyancy Reynolds number Reb on the centerline is large enough for small-scale three-dimensional turbulence to exist. The stratification changes the interface geometry, and a large part of the interface is oriented with normal in the vertical direction in the stratified flows. The structures of the T/NT interface layer are similar between the nonstratified and stratified flows, and the T/NT interface consists of the viscous superlayer and the turbulent sublayer. The stratification is locally strengthened near the T/NT interface as evidenced by the large vertical density gradient, resulting in the decrease in Reb in the T/NT interface layer. Thus, even the small-scale dissipation range is directly affected by the buoyancy near the T/NT interface, although the small scales are somewhat free from the direct effects of the buoyancy in the turbulent core region. The production rates of enstrophy and scalar dissipation, which arise from the strain/vorticity and strain/density-gradient interactions, are decreased near the T/NT interface because the stratification modifies the alignments among the vorticity, density gradient, and strain-rate eigenvectors near the T/NT interface. This influence on the small-scale turbulence dynamics is not observed in the turbulent core region because of the large Reb. A possible explanation is given for the influence of buoyancy on the alignment statistics based on the suppression of the vertical turbulent motions by buoyancy.

日本語訳 (DeepL翻訳)

乱流混合層における安定成層が乱流/非乱流界面に与える影響

中心線上の浮力レイノルズ数Rebが十分に大きく、小規模な3次元乱流が存在する安定成層混合層における乱流/非乱流(T/NT)界面への安定成層の効果を調べるために、直接数値シミュレーションを行った。成層により界面形状が変化し、成層流では界面の大部分が鉛直方向に法線方向を持つようになる。T/NT界面層の構造は非成層と成層で類似しており、T/NT界面は粘性超層と乱流下層から構成されている。大きな鉛直方向の密度勾配からわかるように、T/NT界面付近では成層が局所的に強化され、その結果、T/NT界面層ではRebが減少していることがわかる。このように、小さなスケールの散逸域も、乱流コア領域では浮力の直接的な影響からある程度免れているが、T/NT界面付近では浮力の影響を受けていることがわかる。T/NT界面付近では成層が渦度、密度勾配、ひずみ速度固有ベクトルの配置を変えるため、ひずみ/渦度、ひずみ/密度勾配相互作用から生じるエンストロスとスカラー散逸の生成率は減少する。このような小規模な乱流ダイナミクスへの影響は、Rebが大きいため、乱流コア領域では観測されない。整列統計に対する浮力の影響については、浮力による垂直方向の乱流運動の抑制に基づく説明が可能である。

GD


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